Let's Learn Korea #4 [ENGLISH]

Korean Topic Marker 은/는 follows a noun, indicating that it is the topic under discussion. The topic is often not necessarily the same as the subject. Rather, the topic marker appears when one wants to stress a new topic. Like when introducing yourself in Korean, this topic functions like this gesture, emphasizing each person in turn. Topic marker 은 directly follows words that end in a consonant (with batchim), while 는 is used after words ending in a vowel (without batchim). For example, 저 is a Korean character ending with a vowel (without batchim). Therefore, it is a noun ending with a vowel. In this case, 는 will be place behind 저 and become 저는. On the other hand, when a nouns ending with a consonant (with batchim), 은 will be place behind it. Do you remember what is batchim? Refer Korean Consonants 3. See examples below:

Ending with a vowel

* 저는 박정수예요. [ jeo-neun-bak-jeong-su-ye-yo ] - I am Park Jung Soo.
* 저는 학생이에요. [ jeo-neun-hak-saeng-i-e-yo ] - I am a student.
* 애니씨는 인도네시아 사람이에요. [ ae-ni-ssi-neun-in-do-ne-si-a-sa-ram-i-e-yo ] - Annie is Indonesian.

Ending with a consonants

* 카르멘은 간호사예요. [ ka-reu-men-eun-gan-ho-sa-ye-yo ] - Carmen is a nurse.
* 선생님은 미국 사람이에요. [ seon-saeng-nim-eun-mi-guk-sa-rami-e-yo ] - The teacher is American.
* 이분은 호주 사람이에요. [ i-bun-eun-ho-ju-sa-ram-i-e-yo ] - This gentleman/lady is Australian.

Sometimes, in Korean, the subject is often omitted when it is obvious to the other person.

* 저는 박정수예요 = 박정수예요. - I am Park Jung Soo.
* 엘리스씨는 의사예요? = 의사예요? - Is Alice doctor? Or Alice, are you doctor?
* 선생님은 미국 사람이에요? = 미국 사람이에요? - Is teacher American? Or teacher, are you American?

분 has the same meaning with 사람 both mean person in Korean, but Korean people use 분 when they are mentioning a person that is older or a respective person, is more formal than 사람 even though both of them have the same meaning. 씨 can be added behind a Korean name as a term of address.


감 사합니다 - Thank you!

Src :
http://www.emagasia.com/

Learn Korean

Learn Korean – Learn How to Read and Write Hangul

Learn Korean – Picture/Vocabulary (Part1)

Learn Korean – Picture/Vocabulary (Part2)

Learn Korean – Picture/Vocabulary Lesson 1 – Street Food

Learn Korean – Picture/Vocabulary Lesson 1 – Street Food (2)

Korean Drinking Culture

Src: koreanclass101

let's Learn Korea #3 [INDONESIA]

Mengenal Subyek dan obyek
=================
Mengenal Subyek
Di dalam bahasa indonesia, untuk menentukan subyek dalam sebuah kalimat dengan cara memperhatikan semua kata yang ada didalam kalimat tersebut. Misal contoh “Ayah adalah seorang Guru”, dapat kita ketahui bahwa “Ayah” merupakan subyek dalam kalimat tersebut.
Sedangkan di dalam bahasa korea, untuk mengetahui sebuah subyek dalam suatu kalimat di tandai dengan adanya partikel penanda subyek. Partikel ini ada dua yaitu:
“가” (ka), bila kata bendanya berakhiran tanpa 받침
“이” (i), bila kata bendanya berakhiran dengan 받침
Contoh:
아버지가선생님이에요. (abeoji ka seonsaengnim iyeyo.)
Ayah adalah [seorang] Guru.
아버지 = ayah
선생님 = Guru
이다 –> 이에요 = adalah
여동생이공부해요. (yeodongsaeng i gongbuhaeyo.)
Adik perempuan[ku] sedang belajar.
여동생 = Adik perempuan
공부하다 à 공부해요 = belajar
누나가착해요. (nuna ka chakhaeyo.)
Kakak perempuan[ku] baik.
누나 = Kakak perempuan
착하다 à 착해요 = baik
형이와요? (hyeong I wayo?)
[Apakah] kakak laki-laki datang?
형 = Kakak laki-laki
오다 à 와요 = datang
Mengenal Obyek
Dalam Bahasa korea untuk mengenal sebuah obyek dalam suatu kalimat di tandai dengan partikel penanda obyek. Partikel penanda obyek ada dua yaitu:
“를” (reul), bila kata bendanya berakhiran tanpa 받침
“을” (eul), bila kata bendanya berakhiran dengan 받침
Contoh:
엄니가사과를먹어요. (eomni ka sakwa reul meogeoyo.)
Ibu makan Apel.
엄니 = ibu
사과 = apel
먹다 à 먹어요 = makan
할머니가밥을먹어요. (halmeoni ka babeul meogeoyo.)
Nenek makan Nasi.
할머니 = nenek
밥 = nasi
먹다 à 먹어요 = makan
형이소주를마셔요. (hyeong I soju reul masyeoyo.)
Kakak minum Soju.
형 = Kakak laki-laki
소주 = Soju
마시다 à 마셔요= minum
누나가한국을공부해요? (nuna ka hangukeul gongbuhaeyo?)
[Apakah] kakak perempuanku sedang belajar bahasa korea?
누나 = Kakak Perempuan
한국 = Bahasa Korea
공부하다 à 공부해요 = Belajar
남동생이책을읽어요. (nam dongsaengi chaekeul ilgeoyo.)
Adik laki-laki[ku] sedang membaca buku.
남동생 = adik Laki-laki
책 = buku
읽다 à 읽어요 = membaca
Berdasarkan contoh2 di atas, setidaknya mulai sekarang kita bisa mengetahui subyek dan obyek dalam suatu kalimat bahasa korea.

감사합니다 - Thank you!

Src :
http://runnov.co.cc/

let's Learn Korea #3 [ENGLISH]

We knew that there are two ways when you start a conversation in Learn Korean Language Lesson 2 - Korean Basic Conversation, whether formally or informally and the difference between both of them is the Korean Sentence Ending Form, the only difficulty in learning Korean is the question that always appears in your mind that when do i need to use formal language?

However, first step you must learn is that what’s the differences between formal and informal Korean language. If you don’t understand this lesson, don’t worry, we will start from using the informal polite form because it is easier to understand and as we proceed, we will learn more into Korean formal polite form. So, let’s learn the Korean Sentence Ending Form and understand the differences between Formal Polite Form and Informal Polite Form in the table below.
Korean Sentence Ending Form

Declarative (for statement)
Formal Polite ||| Informal Polite
Verb stem + -ㅂ니다/-습니다 ||| Verb stem + -아요/어요/해요
가다 = 갑니다, 먹다 = 먹습니다 ||| 가다 = 가요, 먹다 = 먹어요
감사합니다. 반갑습니다. ||| 고마워요. 반가워요.

Interrogative (for question)
Formal Polite ||| Informal Polite
-ㅂ니까?/-습니까? ||| -아요/어요/해요?
가다 = 갑니까? 먹다 = 먹습니까? ||| 가다 = 가요? 막다 = 먹어요?
*-십니까?/으십니까? ||| *-세요?/-으세요?
가다 = 가십니까? 앉다 = 앉으십니까? ||| 가다 = 가세요? 앉다 = 앉으세요?
안녕하십니까? ||| 안녕하세요?

Imperative (for command)
Formal polite ||| Informal Polite
-ㅂ시오/으시오 ||| -아요/어요/해요
*-십시오/-으십시오 ||| *-세요/-으세요
가다 = 가십시오, 입다 = 입으십시오 ||| 가다 = 가세요. 오다 = 오세요.
안녕히 가십시오. 어서 오십시오. ||| 안녕히가세요. 어서오세요.

Propositive (for proposal)
Formal polite ||| Informal Polite
-ㅂ시다/읍시다 ||| -아요/어요/해요
가다 = 갑시다, 먹다 = 먹읍시다 ||| 가다 = 가요, 먹다 = 먹어요
어서 갑시다. 빨리 먹읍시다. ||| 잘 가요. 또 와요. 어서 먹어요.

* with honorific –시-
가다 = 가 + 시 +ㅂ니까? = 가십니까?
일하 + 시 + 어요? = 일하세요?

감사합니다 - Thank you!

Src :
http://www.emagasia.com/

let's Learn Korea #2 [ENGLISH]

Today, we will start learn some Korean basic conversation ( 기본회화 ) such as normal greetings, thank you, sorry in Korean. The Korean language has various expressions according to specific situations and age and status of the people one is addressing to. In simple, there are two ways when you start a conversation, whether formally or informally.

Basically, the formal way will be use in formal situation and relationships. On the other hand, informal way will be use in informal situations and relationships. The difference between formal and informal is the Korean Sentence Ending Form. There are two sentence ending form – Formal polite and informal polite, both are essential in Korean language, we will learn this in the next lesson. Now, let’s see some Korean basic conversation.

Korean Basic Conversation

네/예 yes [ ne/ye ]
아니오 no [ a-ni-o ]
안녕하세요?
안녕하십니까? (F) good morning
good afternoon
good evening [ an-nyeong-ha-se-yo ]
[ an-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-gga ]
안녕히 가세요
안녕히 가십시오 (F) good bye (to person leaving) [ ann-yeong-hi-ka-se-yo ]
[ ann-yeong-hi-ka-ship-si-yo ]
안녕히 계세요
안녕히 계십시오 (F) good bye (to person staying) [ ann-yeong-hi-kye-se-yo ]
[ ann-yeong-hi-kye-ship-si-yo ]
여보세요 hello? (on the phone) [ yeo-bo-se-yo ]
어서 오세요 welcome / hello [ eo-seo-o-se-yo ]
고마워요
고맙습니다 (F)
감사합니다 (F) thank you [ go-ma-wo-yo ]
[ go-map-seum-ni-da ]
[ kam-sa-ham-ni-da ]
천만에요 you’re welcome [ cheon-ma-ne-yo ]
미안해
미안합니다 (F)
죄송합니다 (F) sorry [ mi-an-nae ]
[ mi-an-ham-ni-da ]
[ jwe-song-ham-ni-da ]
괜찮아요
괜찮습니다 (F) it’s all right, it’s ok, don’t worry [ gwaen-cha-na-yo ]
[ gwaen-chan-sseum-ni-da ]
실례합니다 excuse me [ sil-rye-ham-ni-da ]

*Phrases use the informal level of politeness except those denoted with (F).

Yes/no questions can be answered affirmatively with 네/예, 예 gives a polite impression but 네 is more frequently used, and negatively with 아니요.

안 녕하세요 is the most common greeting used when meeting someone. No matter the time of day, greet someone with 안녕하세요 when you meet him/her. There is no equivalent to good morning, good afternoon or good evening. It can be used either greet someone you meet for the first time or someone older than you (parents, grandparents) or greet someone you see everyday. So you can always use 안녕하세요 greeting a stranger, or greeting someone you know but need to speak polite to (teachers, older neighbors, co-workers).

If you want to speak more formally or when meeting someone of higher status, or with whom you have a working relationship (boss, customer), use 안녕하십니까. On the other hand, informally, 안녕 is use when greeting a friend of the same age (especially a friend from youth (childhood friends, school friends). Although this phrase is a greeting, you should pronounce it like a question, with your tone rising at the end. If you are meeting someone for the first time, bow your head a bit as you make your greeting.

안 녕히 가세요 which also means good bye is say by the host who is bidding his/her guests good bye. You may say 안녕히 가세요 to the person who is leaving. On the other hand, 안녕히 계세요 means good bye, say by the guest who is leaving. You may need to say 안녕히 계세요 to a person who is staying.

어 서 오세요 means welcome/hello. You say this to greet a guest or your friend whoever when they come to your house. 고맙습니다/감사합니다 both means thank you. Use 고마워/고마워요 in informal situations and relationships.

괜찮습니다 /괜찮아요 means it’s all right, it’s ok or don’t worry. Informally, 괜찮아. Do you know why is it Koreans say 괜찮아요 so much? The expression 괜찮아요 occurs in many kinds of situations, with many different meanings. Not only a polite substitute for when one’s mood is bad, 괜찮아요 is also used to accept thanks and apologies. The many varied uses of 괜찮아요 can cause confusion for someone just learning to speak Korean.

let's Learn Korea #2 [INDONESIA]

Huruf Korea (한굴 / Hangul)
Aturan Pengucapan
Pada syllable yang tidak memiliki batchim (받침) pengucapannya sangat mudah, sesuai dengan apa yang tertulis dalam syllable tersebut.
Akan tetapi pada syllable yang memiliki batchim (받침), ada 6 aturan pengucapan yang perlu di perhatikan, antara lain:
1. Sound merger adalah penggabungan pengucapan ke -27 jenis batchim (받침) menjadi 7 pengucapan. sound merger hanya terjadi apabaila:
• Syllable yang mempunyai batchim (받침) tersebut adalah syllable terakhir dalam sebuah kata/kalimat.
• Syllable yang mempunyai batchim (받침) tersebut di ikuti dengan syllable yang konsonan awalnya bukan ㅇ
Batchim (받침) Jenis Pengucapan Bunyi latin
ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ, ㄳ, ㄺ ㄱ K
ㄴ, ㄵ, ㄶ ㄴ N
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ , ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ, ㅆ, ㄾ ㄷ T
ㄹ, ㄽ, ㅀ ㄹ L
ㅁ, ㄻ ㅁ M
ㅂ, ㅍ, ㄼ, ㄿ, ㅄ ㅂ P
ㅇ ㅇ NG
Contoh:
낚시 -> 낙시 = naksi (memancing)
부엌 -> 부억 = bueok (dapur)
앉다 -> 안다 = anda (duduk)
닿소리 -> 닫소리 = datsori (konsonan)
없다 -> 업다 = eopda (tidak ada)
2. Carry over adalah pengalihan pengucapan sebuah batchim (받침) pada sebuah syllable menjadi konsonan awal bagi syllable berikutnya.
Syarat cary over jika syllable yang mempunyai batchim (받침) tersebut di ikuti dengan syllable yang huruf awalnya ㅇ.
Contoh:
먹이다 -> 머 기다 = meo gi da (makan)
밀어요 -> 먀러요 = mi reo yo (mendorong)
앉아요 -> 안자요 = an ja yo (duduk)
3. Nazalitation adalah penyerapan nasality oleh huruf non-nasal terhadap huruf nasal, ㄴ atau ㅁ misalnya ada dua syllable berturut-turut s1 dan s2
Batchim pada s1 Konsonan awal pada s2 Pengucapan menjadi
ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ, ㄳ, ㄺ ㄴ atau ㅁ ㅇ
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ , ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ, ㅆ, ㄾ ㄴ
ㅂ, ㅍ, ㄼ, ㄿ, ㅄ ㅁ
Contoh:
먹는다 -> 멍는다 = meog neun da —> meong neun da
낱말 -> 난말 = nat mal —> nan mal
갑니다 -> 감니다 = kab ni da —> kam ni da
맛있는음식 -> 마 신 느 늠 식 = mas iss neun eum sik —> ma sin neu neum sik
4. Aspiration adalah mengucapkan huruf di sertai hembusan udara yang lebih banyak dari mulut. Pengucapan ini terkait adanya huruf ㅎ.
Batchim pada S1 Konsonan awal S1 Pengucapannya menjadi
ㅎ ㄱ ㅋ
ㄱ ㅎ
ㅎ ㄷ ㅌ
ㄷ ㅎ
ㅎ ㅂ ㅍ
ㅂ ㅎ
ㅎ ㅈ ㅊ
ㅈ ㅎ
Contoh:
어떻게 -> 어떠케 = eo ddeoh ke —> eo ddeo khe
축하하다 -> 추카하다 = chuk ha ha da —> chu kha ha da
입히다 -> 이피다 = ib hi da —> i phi da
5. Liquidation adalah penghilangan pengucapan yang di sebabkan oleh huruf ㄹ .Bentuk ini bisanya di pakai pada nama-nama tempat di Korea.
Batchim pada s1 Konsonan pada s2 Batchim pad s1 menjadi Konsonan awal s2
ㄹ ㄹ ㄹ Huruf Latin “L”
ㄱ ㅇ ㄴ
ㄴ ㄹ Huruf Latin “L”
ㅁ ㅁ ㄴ
ㅇ ㅇ ㄴ
Contoh:
신라 -> 실라 = sin ra —> si la
잘라요 -> 잘라요 = jal ra yo —> ja la yo
독로강 -> 동노강 = dok ro kang —> dong no kang
강릉 -> 강능 = kang reung —> kang neung
6. Loan word. Untuk kata yang merupakan loan word, kata serapan dari bahasa asing, maka pengucapannya mengikuti pengucapan dalam bahasa asing, dimana loan-word tersebut berasal. Aturan ini hanya berlaku untuk huruf ㄹ.
Contoh:
로맨스 berasal dari kata “romance” sehingga huruf “ㄹ” di ucapkan “R”.
로핑유 berasal dari kata “loving you” sehingga hruf “ㄹ” di ucapkan menjadi “L”.
* Tambahan: Untuk melakukan romanisasi (penulisan huruf hangul ke dalam huruf latin) sebaiknya di sertakan huruf hangulnya untuk menghindari kesalahan pengartian.

Let's Learn Korean #1

Huruf Korea (한글 / Hangeul) – Part 1

Sejarah Huruf Korea
Huruf Korea biasa di sebut dengan Hangeul (한글), di ciptakan oleh Raja Agung Sejong dari dinasti Joseon pada tahun 1446. meskipun rakyat Korea pada masa itu sudah meiliki bahasa sendiri, yaitu bahasa korea yang diturunkan dari bahsa Altaic, tapi dalam penulisannya, orang korea masih menggunkan karakter Cina. Karakter Cina sangat susah di pelajari karena bentuknya yang rumit.
Setelah melalui penelitian yang cukup lama, akhirnya Raja Sejong memperkenalkan Hangeul (한글) kepada rakyatnya. Dengan jasa dari Raja Sejong ini akhrinya rakyat korea bisa lebih maju dalam bidang baca tulis, karena karakter Hangeul yang mudah untuk di pelajari dan tidak rumit. Untuk memperingati jasa Raja sejong maka setiap tanggal 9 oktober di korea di peringati sebagai hari Hangeul (한글날)
Hangeul (한글)
Huruf Korea / Hangeul (한글) sangat mudah untuk di pelajari. cara penulisan nya pun sama dengan huruf latin yaitu dari kiri ke kanan sampai terbentuk kata yang diinginkan. Perbedaaanya dengan huruf latin adalah, dalam Hangeul(한글) huruf-hurf tersebut di kumpulkan menjadi syllable(suku kata). baru kemudian dari syllabel-syllabel tersebut disusun membentuk kata yang di inginkan.
Pada saat pertama kali di perkenalkan oleh raja Sejong, Hangeul(한글) terdapat 28 huruf. Akan tetapi setelah perkembangannya hanya 24 huruf saja yang di pakai. Jumlah ini lebih sedikit jika di bandingkan dengan huruf latin. Selain itu Hangeul (한글) tidak mengenal huruf kapital.
Hangeul(한글) di kelompokkan menjadi dua yaitu:
• Huruf dasar
Vokal
Huruf Korea Bunyi
ㅏ a
ㅑ ya
ㅗ o
ㅛ yo
ㅜ u
ㅠ yu
ㅓ eo
ㅕ yeo
ㅡ eu
ㅣ i

Konsonan
Huruf Korea Bunyi
ㄱ g/k
ㄴ n
ㄷ d/t
ㄹ r/l
ㅁ m
ㅂ b/p
ㅅ s
ㅈ j/c
ㅊ ch
ㅍ ph
ㅋ kh
ㅌ th
ㅎ h
ㅇ ng
• Huruf Turunan
Vokal Turunan
Huruf Korea Bunyi
ㅐ ae
ㅒ yae
ㅔ e
ㅖ ye
ㅘ wa
ㅙ wae
ㅚ oe
ㅝ weo
ㅞ we
ㅟ wi
ㅢ eui
Konsonan Turunan
Huruf Korea Bunyi
ㄲ gg/kk
ㄸ dd
ㅃ bb
ㅆ ss
ㅉ jj
*Tambahan : Untuk huruf vokal dalam sebuah kata atau kalimat jika berada di depan tidak bisa berdiri sendiri, dalam penulisannya harus menggunakan awalan huruf konsonan “ㅇ“. Jadi seperti ini contohnya “아 , 어 , 여 , 애 , 에” dsb.

============

Huruf Korea (한굴 / Hangul) – Part 2
komposisi Syllable
Setiap syllable selalu dibuat dengan komposisi:
Konsonan awal + Vokal + konsonan akhir(optional)
Huruf konsonan awal sebanyak 19 yaitu:
ㄱ , ㄴ , ㄷ , ㄹ , ㅁ , ㅂ , ㅅ , ㅇ , ㅈ , ㅊ , ㅋ , ㅌ , ㅂ , ㅎ , ㄲ , ㄸ , ㅃ , ㅆ , ㅉ
Huruf vokal sebanyak 21 yaitu:
ㅏ , ㅑ ,ㅓ, ㅕ , ㅗ , ㅛ , ㅜ , ㅠ , ㅡ , ㅣ , ㅐ , ㅒ , ㅔ , ㅖ , ㅘ , ㅙ , ㅚ , ㅝ , ㅞ , ㅟ , ㅢ
Konsonan akhir biasa di sebut sebagai batchim (받침), bersifat optional, artinya bukan suatu keharusan ada. huruf yang boleh dijadikan sebgai batchim sebanyak 27:
• 14 konsonan dasar, yaitu ㄱ , ㄴ , ㄷ , ㄹ , ㅁ , ㅂ , ㅅ , ㅇ , ㅈ , ㅊ , ㅋ , ㅌ , ㅂ , ㅎ
• 2 konsonan turunan, yaitu ㄸ dan ㅆ
• 11 konsonan cluster (kelompok konsonan), yaitu ㄳ , ㄵ , ㄶ , ㄺ , ㄻ , ㄼ , ㄽ , ㄾ , ㄿ , ㅀ , ㅄ
Pada setiap Syllable , batchim selalu di letakkan yang paling bawah.
Contoh:
난 , 들 , 몇 왕 , 분 , 젂
Urutan Hangeul didalam kamus adalah sebagai berikut:
Konsonan Awal : ㄱ , ㄲ ,ㄴ , ㄷ , ㄸ , ㄹ , ㅁ , ㅂ, ㅃ , ㅅ , ㅆ , ㅇ , ㅈ , ㅉ , ㅊ , ㅋ , ㅌ , ㅂ , ㅎ
Vokal : ㅏ , ㅐ , ㅑ , ㅒ ,ㅓ, ㅔ , ㅕ, ㅖ , ㅗ , ㅘ , ㅙ , ㅚ , ㅛ , ㅜ , ㅝ , ㅞ , ㅟ , ㅠ , ㅡ , ㅢ , ㅣ
Batchim : ㄱ, ㄲ, ㄳ, ㄴ, ㄵ, ㄶ, ㅇ, ㄹ, ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, ㄿ, ㅀ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅄ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ